Summary: What is Euphemism?ĭefine euphemism: the definition of euphemism is a word or phrase that replaces harsh terms for milder ones.Įuphemisms are used daily to discuss delicate or sensitive subjects. The euphemism is a way for Iago to explain the news without being too graphic. Since Iago was speaking to Desdemona’s (“your daughter”) father in this scene, Shakespeare chose euphemistic diction to lighten the blow of the news.īrabantio is a senator, and would not approve of his daughter “making the beast with two backs” with a Moor. “The beast with two backs” is a euphemism for sexual intercourse. “I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now In the play Othello, Iago states to Brabantio in Act I: Often he will include a euphemism as a “dirty joke” or as a way to imply sexual behaviors. Shakespeare is known for doing this well. What is euphemism in literature? Because of the delicate nature of the subject, sexual behavior is often euphemized in text. This is where euphemism may benefit the writer’s argument. Whether fiction or non-fiction, every writer has a purpose he is trying to communicate.Ĭonsidering this, each word must be carefully crafted to try to persuade the audience. That is, no matter what you write, you have something that you are trying to “prove” to your audience. When you are writing, you have an argument. If you believe that your target audience will be offended by a particular term, consider using a euphemism as an alternative. When considering incorporating a euphemism into your writing, first evaluate your audience. We are showing sensitivity and consideration when we use euphemism, especially when we do not know the audience’s position or comfort level. This is where euphemism comes into play.Ī euphemism is not the “easy way out ” rather, it is a way we communicate in order to meet the needs of our audience. In order to do so, he must use appropriate word choice. To find direct or indirect cross-currency rates, the first one needs to determine the type (direct or indirect) of the quote being used.The ultimate goal of a writer is to communicate his argument to his audience. In a cross-currency rate, the exchange rate of one currency is expressed in another currency other than the USD. This implies that the Canadian dollar is weaker now because now a Canadian gets just 0.769 USD in exchange for one Canadian dollar. Now suppose, in the above example of the Canadian dollar, the direct quote changes to 1.30, and the indirect quote would change to 0.769. On the other hand, a lower exchange rate in an indirect quote would mean depreciation in the domestic currency, or it is becoming weaker. Direct Quotation: Mike said, 'I am hungry. They may have no relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction introducing them. Indirect quotations frequently begin with that or if. Quotation marks are not used with indirect quotations. The indirect quote for a Canadian would be 0.833 USD.Ī lower exchange rate in a direct quote means an appreciation in the domestic currency, or it is getting stronger. An indirect quotation is when the meaning but not the exact words of something someone spoke is referred to.
Let’s take an example, suppose the Canadian dollar is trading at 1.20 to the USD. For these currencies, the exchange rate indicator is mostly in the form of an indirect quote. Though there exist a few exceptions, and those exceptional currencies are the British pound, Euro, and a few more. dollar is the most popular currency in the foreign exchange market, it serves as the base currency against most other currencies, such as the Canadian dollar, Indian rupee, and more. Therefore, one unit of domestic currency is expressed in terms of foreign currency in the case of an indirect quotation.
The reverse will be the treatment in the case of Indirect Quotation. In a direct quotation, one unit of a foreign currency is expressed in terms of the domestic currency. And the new ask (inverse of the direct bid 1.3391) would be 0.7468.
Thus, the new bid (inverse of the direct ask 1.3392) would be 0.7467. So, for an EU resident, the indirect quotation rate for the euro and USD would be (0.7467 − 0.7468). To get the indirect quote, we just need to find the inverse of the prices and then switch their places. Now, the direct quote, in this case, would be the reverse of the quantity quotation, or (1/0.903) 1.107.Īnother example: For an EU resident, the direct bid-ask quote for USD is 1.3391 − 1.3392.
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